Korean numbers

Korean numbers 1–10: the two systems, and when to use each

Korean has two sets of numbers and uses both every day. Sino-Korean (일, 이, 삼…) came from Chinese and handles money, dates, minutes and phone numbers. Native Korean (하나, 둘, 셋…) counts things, people, animals and hours. You never mix them — and once you know which situation takes which, it stops being confusing.

1 to 10 in both systems

#Sino-KoreanNative Korean
1il하나hana
2idul
3samset
4sanet
5o다섯daseot
6yuk여섯yeoseot
7chil일곱ilgop
8pal여덟yeodeol
9gu아홉ahop
10sipyeol

Which one when?

Sino-Korean (일 이 삼)

Native Korean (하나 둘 셋)

The shape-shift. Before a counter, four native numbers change: 하나 → 한, 둘 → 두, 셋 → 세, 넷 → 네 (and 스물 → 스무). So it's 한 개, never 하나 개.

The counters you'll actually use

CounterCountsExample
things (general)사과 한 개one apple
people (분 bun = polite)친구 한 명one friend
마리animals고양이 한 마리one cat
병 · 잔bottles · cups/glasses물 한 병one bottle of water
years of age한 살one year old
권 · 장books · flat things (paper, tickets)책 한 권one book
times (how many times)한 번once
machines · vehicles차 한 대one car

Telling time uses both

Hours are native, minutes are Sino: 세 시 십 분 = 3:10. 일곱 시 반 = 7:30 (반 = half). The hour list: 한 시 · 두 시 · 세 시 · 네 시 · 다섯 시 · 여섯 시 …

Korean Numbers & Counting Workbook cover

Korean Numbers & Counting Workbook

Both systems, 12 counters, time, dates, money and phone numbers — with clocks, menus and calendars to fill in. 22 pages.

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